RebbeDaf
Daf Yomi · 12 citations · Toras Menachem index
Bechoros 5bבכורות ה, ב
CompositionThe Rebbe on the daf
From the cited daf
שהיוצא מן הטמא טמא והיוצא מן הטהור טהור
What emerges from the non-kosher is non-kosher, and what emerges from the kosher is kosher.
Bavli · Bechoros 5b

What the signs tell us, and what the donkeys carried

Twelve citations in the Toras Menachem index concern two passages on Bechoros 5b: kosher offspring, and the donkeys that carried Egypt’s wealth. The Rebbe examines what determines an animal’s status and whether “every Jew” who left with riches includes Moshe.

Eleven of these citations concern the ninety donkeys; one concerns the Mishnah’s rule about offspring. Frequency does not measure the depth of the discussion. The single Mishnah citation develops a substantial halachic distinction, while the donkeys serve several different arguments. We begin with the two places where the Rebbe directly examines our daf, then consider what the other uses add. The two passages need not become one thesis to reward careful reading.

1. Does a sign identify kosher status or cause it?

The Mishnah permits the offspring of a kosher animal even when it resembles a non-kosher kind. Conversely, offspring from a non-kosher animal remains forbidden despite resembling a kosher kind. The rule is “what emerges from the kosher is kosher.” In Shemini 5713, the Rebbe uses this case to examine the nature of the familiar kosher signs: chewing the cud and a split hoof. 1 2

Suppose these signs identify a status the animal already possesses. Then knowing that an animal comes from a kosher mother can establish what the missing signs would ordinarily tell us. Its permissibility makes sense. But suppose the signs themselves cause the permitted status. An offspring with an unsplit hoof then lacks a condition that should be necessary. Its permissibility must rest on a special scriptural exception. 2

The result in our case is the same: the animal may be eaten. The explanation differs. The Rebbe proposes that the distinction can matter for a further law concerning playing with living creatures fit for food, drawing on a Yerushalmi about the Livyasan. He offers this as a proposed consequence, not a practical ruling for the reader. He also states that several proofs support understanding the signs as causal, including the Torah’s wording “because it chews the cud.” 2

This directly changes how we understand the Mishnah. The rule does not, by itself, prove that signs are merely identifying marks. It can also operate as an exception within a system in which signs determine status. The Rebbe has supplied the question, alternatives, and distinction; no separate novelty needs to be added to make this a study of the daf.

2. Did Moshe also have ninety donkeys?

Earlier on the amud, Rabbi Chanina asks Rabbi Eliezer why firstborn donkeys are singled out, unlike horses and camels. The answer begins, “It is a scriptural decree,” and adds that donkeys helped Israel leave Egypt: every Jew had ninety donkeys loaded with Egypt’s silver and gold. That is the setting of the statement most often cited by the Rebbe. 1

In Pekudei 5730, the Rebbe addresses an apparent exception to “every Jew.” Chazal describe Moshe as occupied with Yosef’s bones while the people gathered wealth. They also identify the remnants from hewing the luchos as the source of Moshe’s riches. Does that mean Moshe left Egypt without a share of its wealth? 12

The Rebbe argues that this is unlikely. Gathering the wealth fulfilled Hashem’s command and His promise to Avraham. It also involved the refinement of the sparks of holiness within material possessions. Why should Moshe have no part in that work? The more reasonable reading, the Rebbe says, is that he participated, while his principal occupation was the mitzvah of Yosef’s bones. The language describing what he was “occupied with” leaves room for that distinction. 12

The luchos answer a different question. If wealth is among the qualities associated with Moshe as a prophet, the proof must establish wealth exceptional even relative to the rest of Israel. Egypt’s wealth, shared by everyone, does not establish that distinction. The remnants of the luchos do. 12

Here the Rebbe is interpreting the scope of our Gemara’s statement and reconciling it with other teachings of Chazal. We should preserve his wording, “more reasonable to say.” What we gain is a distinction between having a share in an undertaking and making it one’s principal occupation; the other accounts need not exclude Moshe from the Gemara’s inclusive description.

3. Wealth carried into an unprepared journey

The Shemini 5732 discussion has a different center: the bittul that prepares Israel for the unity of Matan Torah. In an extended note, the donkeys make a feature of the journey more striking. The people had abundant carrying capacity. Why did they leave without preparing provisions for the wilderness? 13

The note distinguishes the two matters. They took silver and gold to fulfill Hashem’s command. They did not make their departure conditional on securing provisions, but trusted Him and went. The Torah also records that they carried their dough; “no prepared provisions” should not be rewritten as a claim that they carried no food whatsoever. 13 14

This uses our passage to explain bittul, yet also illuminates the event it describes. Immense possessions do not tell us, on their own, what motivated those carrying them. The Rebbe’s account of Moshe makes a related distinction at the individual level: participating in the collection need not mean being absorbed in it. These remain distinct teachings, not a claim that the two talks pursue one continuous argument.

4. What the other nine references do

Shelach 5713 addresses the apparent conflict between Torah observance and earning a livelihood. The Exodus, including the enormous wealth carried out, exemplifies deliverance beyond ordinary constraints. The donkeys support that assurance; the discussion does not offer a new explanation of their redemption. 3

Vayakhel-Pekudei 5715 insists that the Exodus’s abundance was material as well as spiritual. In a blessing for expansiveness and the service it enables, the donkeys establish the concrete scale of that abundance. We should not turn this audience-specific blessing into a personal financial guarantee. 4

Yud Shevat 5719 relates Egypt’s wealth and the greater spoils at the sea to the elevation accomplished through leaving exile and refining sparks. It then asks for material and spiritual expansiveness in anticipation of redemption. Our passage supplies the material side of that comparison. 5

Yud Shevat 5722 distinguishes the initial departure from Egypt from the fuller liberation represented by the sea. Its note compares the rewards of the two stages: even Egypt’s extraordinary spoils were exceeded at the sea. Bechoros establishes the lower benchmark. The spiritual sequence belongs to the sicha, not to the wording of our Gemara. 6

Purim 5722 asks why Purim’s deliverance is placed alongside Pesach. Egypt’s riches contrast with the Jews’ refusal to take plunder in the Purim story. This sharpens the initial contrast between the redemptions before the Rebbe develops their deeper relationship. The citation helps formulate the question; it does not mean that wealth is a universal measure of redemption. 7

The second Tzav maamar of 5724 compares daily renewal through prayer with the Exodus. Israel knew, even before departure, that the outcome was to include great wealth. The maamar uses this to describe renewal that reaches beyond merely repairing a lack. Its larger discussion of thirst, prayer, and sustained service is not needed to explain the donkeys on our daf, so we retain the citation’s particular role here. 8

Naso 5728 uses the abundance of gold to ask why the people needed their earrings for the golden calf. In developing the Zohar’s chronology, the Rebbe argues that their other gold had already been donated for the Mishkan. The statement on our daf has consequences for that argument, but the conclusion belongs to this chronology; the talk explicitly distinguishes other views. 9

Chukas-Balak 5729 cites the same donkeys for their familiarity as working animals, in an explanation of Rashi’s phrase “even a dog or donkey” concerning bites. Here the useful detail is the animal, rather than the wealth. The citation supports a reading of Rashi elsewhere and does not substantially explain our sugya. 10

Vayakhel 5730 asks why the Mishkan included copper when Israel had so much gold. The summary in Toras Menachem explains that the Mishkan includes Jews represented by different materials, including copper. The donkeys exclude poverty as the simple explanation. The full edited discussion is in Likkutei Sichos 6; the source panel identifies the shorter text actually examined here. 11

5. What we can now read more carefully on the daf

The two direct discussions have different results. In the Mishnah, we distinguish a rule from its underlying explanation: identical permission can arise either naturally from the system or through a scriptural exception. In the account of Egypt’s wealth, we distinguish possession and participation from principal occupation. These are particular gains in understanding, not interchangeable examples of a general theme.

The supporting references also help us hear the Gemara’s phrase that the donkeys “assisted Israel.” Read alongside the Rebbe’s explanations, carrying the wealth helped fulfill a command and a promise. This is a reasoned editorial connection to the daf. It does not replace “It is a scriptural decree,” establish a new halachic derivation, or explain the number ninety. None of the examined passages supplies an explanation of that number.

Keeping the original question in view matters. The Gemara is discussing why the firstborn donkey is singled out for redemption; most of these sichos are discussing what the Exodus’s wealth establishes elsewhere. Their uses enrich our reading without all becoming explanations of the law.

6. Avodah already present in the learning

The Shemini 5713 teaching itself proceeds to avodah. Before undertaking a material activity, a person should “chew it over”: is it genuinely for the sake of Heaven? The Rebbe calls for a second examination even after the first has produced a favorable answer. Confidence in our own good intentions can arrive too quickly. An application is to reconsider one discretionary choice after the initial enthusiasm has settled, asking what lasting good the activity is intended to serve.

Moshe’s case offers a different application. Several activities may be legitimate, yet one can consume the attention owed to another. Before a crowded day, identify a responsibility that should remain central, then arrange the necessary surrounding tasks so that they serve it. Earning, organizing, and acquiring can all have their proper place; the question is what we become occupied with.

The journey without prepared provisions should not become advice to neglect food, dependents, or ordinary planning. It concerns a particular Divine command. Its proportionate challenge is to notice when the pursuit of additional security becomes a reason to postpone an obligation whose place is already clear. Practical uncertainty should be clarified, not renamed a lack of faith. These applications follow distinct teachings and remain editorial suggestions except where the Rebbe’s own instruction has been identified.